By Atabo Solomon Daniel (U21MM2003)
The Nok terracotta sculptures were first discovered in 1928 in Taruga, Kaduna, by a tin miner, Colonel Dent Young. Later, archaeologist Bernard Fagg found more in 1940 and named them after the village of Nok.
The Nok culture, one of West Africa’s earliest known societies, existed in modern day Nigeria from around 500 B.C.E. to 200 C.E. They farmed and used iron tools. Their sculptures, mostly terracotta heads and figures are recognized by their triangular or oval eyes and elaborate hairstyles.
Research shows that Nok artists likely used clay from a common source, hinting at centralized control. These artifacts have been found across 78,000 square kilometers, suggesting a large civilization. Alongside iron tools, stone tools were also used, indicating limited metal availability. The Nok transitioned directly from stone to iron, bypassing copper or bronze.
The sculptures are often found in fragments due to erosion. Complete pieces are rare and highly valued. Despite their significance, tourism around Nok sites remains underdeveloped due to insecurity and lack of investment.
Nigeria’s tourism sector has long been neglected, partly due to overreliance on oil since the 1970s. Yet, the country holds vast potential, with over 250 ethnic groups and many historical sites.
The Nok sculptures are a national treasure. With proper development and promotion, they could attract global tourists, create jobs, and showcase Nigeria’s cultural heritage.